Rangelands cover more than one billion acres of the United States, mostly in the Western states and Alaska. They contain many natural resources—grass and shrubs for animal grazing, habitats for livestock and wildlife, water from vast watersheds, facilities for water sports and other kinds of recreation, and valuable mineral and energy resources, Rangelands also serve as areas for scientific study of the environment. 

When the National Football League decided to end expensive bidding among teams for the best college players, it held a draft. The first football draft was held in 1936. The Philadelphia Eagles, as the weakest team, had the first draft choice. It chose the University of Chicago’s Jay Berwanger, then sold the rights to him to the Chicago Bears. The Bears and Berwanger could not come to contract terms; thus, the first player drafted by the pros never played professional football.

Dust devils and sand devils, familiar sights in dry, desert country, are spiraling columns of dust- or sand-filled air, often several hundred feet high, that perform their antics for a few minutes. Devils differ in their origin from true tornadoes. They are caused by intense local heating of the surface of the earth, whereas tornadoes are caused by clashing warm and cold air currents aloft that lead to atmospheric instability and severe turbulence.

Marian Anderson, the first in a succession of black divas at the Metropolitan Opera, was the first African-American woman to break the barriers which kept blacks from the concert stage. She encountered many racial slights, the most famous being the refusal of the Daughters of the American Revolution to allow her to appear in Constitution Hall in Washington, D. C. This insult was publicly confronted by first lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who arranged for Anderson to sing from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday of 1939.

In 1965 the United States Congress created Medicaid and Medicare as amendments to the Social Security Act. Medicaid uses federal, state, and local money to underwrite medical care for low-income persons. Medicare is the first U. S. government operated health insurance system for persons aged 65 and over. It provides basic hospital insurance and assistance with doctors’ and other health-care bills. Although these two programs have assisted millions of people, the United States remains the only Western industrial nation without some form of comprehensive national health insurance.

A middle ear infection (otitis media) usually starts when a cold causes the eustachian tube between the ear and throat to swell and close. When the tube closes, fluid seeps into the ear and bacteria start to grow. As the body fights the infection, pressure builds up, causing pain. Young children get more ear infections because they get more colds, and their eustachian tubes are more easily blocked.

Symptoms of a bacterial ear infection include earache, dizziness, ringing or fullness in the ears, hearing loss, fever, headache, and runny nose. Children who cannot yet talk may tug on the ear as a sign of pain.

Antibiotic treatment stops bacterial growth, relieving pressure and pain. Left untreated, the pressure can cause the eardrum to rupture. A single eardrum rupture. usually does not have long-term consequences. However, repeated ruptures may cause hearing loss.

A middle ear infection (otitis media) usually starts when a cold causes the eustachian tube between the ear and throat to swell and close. When the tube closes, fluid seeps into the ear and bacteria start to grow. As the body fights the infection, pressure builds up, causing pain. Young children get more ear infections because they get more colds, and their eustachian tubes are more easily blocked.

Symptoms of a bacterial ear infection include earache, dizziness, ringing or fullness in the ears, hearing loss, fever, headache, and runny nose. Children who cannot yet talk may tug on the ear as a sign of pain.

Antibiotic treatment stops bacterial growth, relieving pressure and pain. Left untreated, the pressure can cause the eardrum to rupture. A single eardrum rupture. usually does not have long-term consequences. However, repeated ruptures may cause hearing loss.

Few families have made more contributions to mathematics than the Bemoullis of Basel, Switzerland. Eight Bemoullis, over three generations spanning the years from 1680 to 1800, were distinguished mathematicians. Several helped build the new mathematics of probability.

James (1654-1705) and John (1667-1748) were sons of a prosperous Swiss merchant and studied mathematics against the will of their father. Both were among the finest mathematicians of their times. James was the first to see clearly the idea of a longrun proportion as a way of measuring chance. His law of large numbers helped connect probability to the study of sequences of chance outcomes observed in human affairs.

Nicholas (1687-1759) and Daniel (1700-1782) also studied probability. Nicholas saw that the pattern of births of male and female children could be described by probability. Daniel studied mainly the mathematics of flowing fluids that was later applied to designing ships and aircraft. In the field of probability, he gave evidence for the effectiveness of inoculation against smallpox.

The Bernoulli family in mathematics, like their contemporaries the Bachs in music, are an unusual example of talent in one field appearing in successive generations. Their work helped probability grow from its birthplace in the gambling hall to a respectable tool with worldwide applications.

Few families have made more contributions to mathematics than the Bemoullis of Basel, Switzerland. Eight Bemoullis, over three generations spanning the years from 1680 to 1800, were distinguished mathematicians. Several helped build the new mathematics of probability.

James (1654-1705) and John (1667-1748) were sons of a prosperous Swiss merchant and studied mathematics against the will of their father. Both were among the finest mathematicians of their times. James was the first to see clearly the idea of a longrun proportion as a way of measuring chance. His law of large numbers helped connect probability to the study of sequences of chance outcomes observed in human affairs.

Nicholas (1687-1759) and Daniel (1700-1782) also studied probability. Nicholas saw that the pattern of births of male and female children could be described by probability. Daniel studied mainly the mathematics of flowing fluids that was later applied to designing ships and aircraft. In the field of probability, he gave evidence for the effectiveness of inoculation against smallpox.

The Bernoulli family in mathematics, like their contemporaries the Bachs in music, are an unusual example of talent in one field appearing in successive generations. Their work helped probability grow from its birthplace in the gambling hall to a respectable tool with worldwide applications.

Few families have made more contributions to mathematics than the Bemoullis of Basel, Switzerland. Eight Bemoullis, over three generations spanning the years from 1680 to 1800, were distinguished mathematicians. Several helped build the new mathematics of probability.

James (1654-1705) and John (1667-1748) were sons of a prosperous Swiss merchant and studied mathematics against the will of their father. Both were among the finest mathematicians of their times. James was the first to see clearly the idea of a longrun proportion as a way of measuring chance. His law of large numbers helped connect probability to the study of sequences of chance outcomes observed in human affairs.

Nicholas (1687-1759) and Daniel (1700-1782) also studied probability. Nicholas saw that the pattern of births of male and female children could be described by probability. Daniel studied mainly the mathematics of flowing fluids that was later applied to designing ships and aircraft. In the field of probability, he gave evidence for the effectiveness of inoculation against smallpox.

The Bernoulli family in mathematics, like their contemporaries the Bachs in music, are an unusual example of talent in one field appearing in successive generations. Their work helped probability grow from its birthplace in the gambling hall to a respectable tool with worldwide applications.

Packaging plays an important role in marketing. With the variety of goods for sale, packages must use every trick of color and design to attract the attention of shoppers. In many cases the appearance of the package is more important than the product. An example is facial tissues. If a supermarket carries different brands of tissues that are similar in price and quality, a shopper will probably pass up the plain box and choose a decorator box that matches the decor of the shopper’s home.

Packaging influences consumer choices in other ways, too. With food products, medicines, and household cleaning products, many consumers look for safety features in packaging. They want to be sure that the product has not been tampered with or that it is childproof. Packaging that makes a product more convenient or functional is also important. No-drip spouts, handles, or non-breakable containers can be decisive in selling a product.

Customers who have a favorite brand of shampoo or soap must be able to recognize their brand on the supermarket shelf immediately; otherwise, they may be tempted to look around and choose another brand. Packages convey brand images, and package designers seek to create a recognizable identity for a product.

Packaging plays an important role in marketing. With the variety of goods for sale, packages must use every trick of color and design to attract the attention of shoppers. In many cases the appearance of the package is more important than the product. An example is facial tissues. If a supermarket carries different brands of tissues that are similar in price and quality, a shopper will probably pass up the plain box and choose a decorator box that matches the decor of the shopper’s home.

Packaging influences consumer choices in other ways, too. With food products, medicines, and household cleaning products, many consumers look for safety features in packaging. They want to be sure that the product has not been tampered with or that it is childproof. Packaging that makes a product more convenient or functional is also important. No-drip spouts, handles, or non-breakable containers can be decisive in selling a product.

Customers who have a favorite brand of shampoo or soap must be able to recognize their brand on the supermarket shelf immediately; otherwise, they may be tempted to look around and choose another brand. Packages convey brand images, and package designers seek to create a recognizable identity for a product.

Packaging plays an important role in marketing. With the variety of goods for sale, packages must use every trick of color and design to attract the attention of shoppers. In many cases the appearance of the package is more important than the product. An example is facial tissues. If a supermarket carries different brands of tissues that are similar in price and quality, a shopper will probably pass up the plain box and choose a decorator box that matches the decor of the shopper’s home.

Packaging influences consumer choices in other ways, too. With food products, medicines, and household cleaning products, many consumers look for safety features in packaging. They want to be sure that the product has not been tampered with or that it is childproof. Packaging that makes a product more convenient or functional is also important. No-drip spouts, handles, or non-breakable containers can be decisive in selling a product.

Customers who have a favorite brand of shampoo or soap must be able to recognize their brand on the supermarket shelf immediately; otherwise, they may be tempted to look around and choose another brand. Packages convey brand images, and package designers seek to create a recognizable identity for a product.