Because all dramatic productions begin with a script, there is a constant need for playwrights and scriptwriters. Beginning writers may work on “spec,” or speculation; they do not know if their play or screenplay will find a buyer. Playwrights generally submit their work to a theater. The theater may produce the play or hold readings of it. A few theaters have regular positions for playwrights in residence, but in general, even established playwrights work on a freelance, or job-by-job, basis.

This is also true of scriptwriters who write screenplays and teleplays for film and television production companies. Established writers in the broadcasting industry may work steadily for a particular television program, but many writers work on a script-by script basis.

Stage and screen writers may initially leant their trade in colleges and universities that offer degree programs in play and screenplay writing. Requirements of the programs usually include reading the works of other writers and writing an original play or screenplay. 

Because all dramatic productions begin with a script, there is a constant need for playwrights and scriptwriters. Beginning writers may work on “spec,” or speculation; they do not know if their play or screenplay will find a buyer. Playwrights generally submit their work to a theater. The theater may produce the play or hold readings of it. A few theaters have regular positions for playwrights in residence, but in general, even established playwrights work on a freelance, or job-by-job, basis.

This is also true of scriptwriters who write screenplays and teleplays for film and television production companies. Established writers in the broadcasting industry may work steadily for a particular television program, but many writers work on a script-by script basis.

Stage and screen writers may initially leant their trade in colleges and universities that offer degree programs in play and screenplay writing. Requirements of the programs usually include reading the works of other writers and writing an original play or screenplay. 

What made Native American and European subsistence cycles so different from one another in colonial America had less to do with their use of plants than with their use of animals. Domesticated grazing animals and the plow were the most distinguishing characteristics of European agricultural practices. The Native Americans’ relationship to the deer, moose, and beaver they hunted was far different from that of the Europeans to the pigs, cows, sheep, and horses they owned.

Where Natives had contented themselves with burning the woods and concentrating their hunting in the fall and winter months, the English sought a much more total and year-round control over their animals’ lives. The effects of that control could be seen in most aspects of New England’s rural economy, and by the end of the colonial period were responsible for a host of changes in the New England landscape: the endless miles of fences, the silenced voices of the vanished wolves, the system of country roads, and the new fields covered with grass, clover, and buttercups.

What made Native American and European subsistence cycles so different from one another in colonial America had less to do with their use of plants than with their use of animals. Domesticated grazing animals and the plow were the most distinguishing characteristics of European agricultural practices. The Native Americans’ relationship to the deer, moose, and beaver they hunted was far different from that of the Europeans to the pigs, cows, sheep, and horses they owned.

Where Natives had contented themselves with burning the woods and concentrating their hunting in the fall and winter months, the English sought a much more total and year-round control over their animals’ lives. The effects of that control could be seen in most aspects of New England’s rural economy, and by the end of the colonial period were responsible for a host of changes in the New England landscape: the endless miles of fences, the silenced voices of the vanished wolves, the system of country roads, and the new fields covered with grass, clover, and buttercups.

What made Native American and European subsistence cycles so different from one another in colonial America had less to do with their use of plants than with their use of animals. Domesticated grazing animals and the plow were the most distinguishing characteristics of European agricultural practices. The Native Americans’ relationship to the deer, moose, and beaver they hunted was far different from that of the Europeans to the pigs, cows, sheep, and horses they owned.

Where Natives had contented themselves with burning the woods and concentrating their hunting in the fall and winter months, the English sought a much more total and year-round control over their animals’ lives. The effects of that control could be seen in most aspects of New England’s rural economy, and by the end of the colonial period were responsible for a host of changes in the New England landscape: the endless miles of fences, the silenced voices of the vanished wolves, the system of country roads, and the new fields covered with grass, clover, and buttercups.

A tornado undergoes considerable changes in size, shape, and behavior during its life cycle. The tornado usually develops within a cumulonimbus cloud and subsequently extends toward the ground. We see this stage as a rotating funnel cloud that descends from the cloud base. When the rotating column of air reaches the ground, it becomes a tornado by definition. Sometimes dust and debris begin whirling on the ground before the funnel actually touches down. In weak tornadoes, particularly in dry climates, this ground-level dust whirl may be visible before the funnel cloud.

During the tornado’s mature stage, the funnel reaches its greatest width. It is usually nearly vertical, and most of the time is touching the ground, though skipping may occur along a lengthy path. At this time, the tornado causes severe damage to whatever it encounters.

During the tornado’s shrinking stage, the funnel narrows and tilts away from its vertical position. Now the path of damage becomes smaller. As the tornado decays, the funnel stretches into a rope shape, and the visible portion becomes contorted and finally dissipates. This stage is often called the rope stage because of its appearance. 

A tornado undergoes considerable changes in size, shape, and behavior during its life cycle. The tornado usually develops within a cumulonimbus cloud and subsequently extends toward the ground. We see this stage as a rotating funnel cloud that descends from the cloud base. When the rotating column of air reaches the ground, it becomes a tornado by definition. Sometimes dust and debris begin whirling on the ground before the funnel actually touches down. In weak tornadoes, particularly in dry climates, this ground-level dust whirl may be visible before the funnel cloud.

During the tornado’s mature stage, the funnel reaches its greatest width. It is usually nearly vertical, and most of the time is touching the ground, though skipping may occur along a lengthy path. At this time, the tornado causes severe damage to whatever it encounters.

During the tornado’s shrinking stage, the funnel narrows and tilts away from its vertical position. Now the path of damage becomes smaller. As the tornado decays, the funnel stretches into a rope shape, and the visible portion becomes contorted and finally dissipates. This stage is often called the rope stage because of its appearance. 

A tornado undergoes considerable changes in size, shape, and behavior during its life cycle. The tornado usually develops within a cumulonimbus cloud and subsequently extends toward the ground. We see this stage as a rotating funnel cloud that descends from the cloud base. When the rotating column of air reaches the ground, it becomes a tornado by definition. Sometimes dust and debris begin whirling on the ground before the funnel actually touches down. In weak tornadoes, particularly in dry climates, this ground-level dust whirl may be visible before the funnel cloud.

During the tornado’s mature stage, the funnel reaches its greatest width. It is usually nearly vertical, and most of the time is touching the ground, though skipping may occur along a lengthy path. At this time, the tornado causes severe damage to whatever it encounters.

During the tornado’s shrinking stage, the funnel narrows and tilts away from its vertical position. Now the path of damage becomes smaller. As the tornado decays, the funnel stretches into a rope shape, and the visible portion becomes contorted and finally dissipates. This stage is often called the rope stage because of its appearance. 

A tornado undergoes considerable changes in size, shape, and behavior during its life cycle. The tornado usually develops within a cumulonimbus cloud and subsequently extends toward the ground. We see this stage as a rotating funnel cloud that descends from the cloud base. When the rotating column of air reaches the ground, it becomes a tornado by definition. Sometimes dust and debris begin whirling on the ground before the funnel actually touches down. In weak tornadoes, particularly in dry climates, this ground-level dust whirl may be visible before the funnel cloud.

During the tornado’s mature stage, the funnel reaches its greatest width. It is usually nearly vertical, and most of the time is touching the ground, though skipping may occur along a lengthy path. At this time, the tornado causes severe damage to whatever it encounters.

During the tornado’s shrinking stage, the funnel narrows and tilts away from its vertical position. Now the path of damage becomes smaller. As the tornado decays, the funnel stretches into a rope shape, and the visible portion becomes contorted and finally dissipates. This stage is often called the rope stage because of its appearance.